Ngomhla zi-2 kuJulayi, 2021, i-Directive on Single-Use Plastics yaqala ukusebenza e-European Union (EU).Umyalelo uvimbela amapulasitiki athile asetshenziswa kanye okukhona okunye okutholakalayo.“Umkhiqizo wepulasitiki osetshenziswa kanye” uchazwa njengomkhiqizo wenziwe ngokuphelele noma ingxenye ngepulasitiki futhi ongacatshangelwa, uklanywe, noma ubekwe emakethe ukuze usetshenziselwe izikhathi eziningi ngenjongo efanayo.I-European Commission ishicilele imihlahlandlela, okuhlanganisa nezibonelo, yalokho okufanele kubhekwe njengomkhiqizo wepulasitiki osetshenziswa kanye.(I-Directive art. 12.)
Kwezinye izinto zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye, amazwe angamalungu e-EU kufanele alinganisele ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngezinyathelo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kuzwelonke, impoqo ehlukile yokugaya kabusha amabhodlela epulasitiki, izidingo zedizayini zamabhodlela epulasitiki, namalebula ayimpoqo emikhiqizo yepulasitiki ukwazisa abathengi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo myalelo welula umthwalo wemfanelo womkhiqizi, okusho ukuthi abakhiqizi kuzodingeka bakhokhe izindleko zokuphathwa kwemfucuza, ukuqoqwa kwedatha, nokuqwashisa ngemikhiqizo ethile.Amazwe angamalungu e-EU kufanele asebenzise izinyathelo ngaphambi komhla zi-3 kuJulayi, 2021, ngaphandle kwezimfuneko zokuklama umkhiqizo wamabhodlela, ezizosebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-3 Julayi 2024. (Art. 17.)
Lo myalelo usebenzisa isu lepulasitiki le-EU futhi uhlose “ukukhuthaza ukuguqukela [kwe-EU] emnothweni oyindilinga.”(Isiqephu 1.)
Okuqukethwe Kweziqondiso Zepulasitiki Yokusetshenziswa Okukodwa
Ukuvinjelwa Kwemakethe
Ukuvinjelwa kweziyalezo okwenza amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kuphela atholakale emakethe ye-EU:
❋ izinti zikakotini
❋ izinto zokusika (izimfoloko, imimese, izinkezo, izinti)
❋ amapuleti
❋ utshani
❋ izihlambi zesiphuzo
❋ izinti okufanele zixhunywe futhi zisekele amabhaluni
❋ iziqukathi zokudla ezenziwe nge-polystyrene enwetshiwe
❋ iziqukathi zesiphuzo ezenziwe nge-polystyrene enwetshiwe, okuhlanganisa namakepisi nezivalo zazo
❋ izinkomishi zeziphuzo ezenziwe nge-polystyrene enwetshiwe, okuhlanganisa namakhava nezivalo zazo
❋ imikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-oxo-degradable plastic.(Art. 5 ngokuhlanganyela nesijobelelo, ingxenye B.)
Izinyathelo Zikazwelonke Zokunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa
Amazwe angamalungu e-EU kufanele athathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki athile asetshenziswa kanye okungekho okunye okunye.Amazwe angamalungu kudingeka ukuthi athumele incazelo yezinyathelo kuKhomishini YaseYurophu futhi ayenze itholakale esidlangalaleni.Izinyathelo ezinjalo zingase zihlanganise nokusungula imigomo kazwelonke yokunciphisa, ukuhlinzeka ngezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa kabusha lapho kudayiswa abathengi, noma ukukhokhisa imali ngemikhiqizo yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye.Amazwe angamalungu e-EU kumele afinyelele "ukunciphisa okufisayo nokuqhubekayo" ekusetshenzisweni kwalawa mapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye "okuholela ekuguquleni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa okwandayo" ngo-2026. Inqubekelaphambili yokusetshenziswa nokunciphisa kufanele ibhekwe futhi ibikwe kuKhomishana YaseYurophu.(Isiqephu 4.)
Okuhlosiwe Okuhlukile Kokuqoqwa kanye Nezidingo Zomklamo Wamabhodlela Epulasitiki
Ngo-2025, u-77% wamabhodlela epulasitiki abekwe emakethe kumele asetshenziswe kabusha.Ngo-2029, inani elilingana no-90% kufanele ligaywe kabusha.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zokuklama amabhodlela epulasitiki zizosetshenziswa: ngo-2025, amabhodlela e-PET kumele okungenani abe nama-plastiki angama-25% asetshenziswe kabusha ekwenziweni kwawo.Lesi sibalo sikhuphukela ku-30% ngo-2030 kuwo wonke amabhodlela.(Art. 6, isigaba 5; art. 9.)
Ukulebula
Amathawula ehlanzekile (amaphedi), ama-tampons nezinto zokufaka ama-tampon, izinto zokusula ezimanzi, imikhiqizo kagwayi enezihlungi, nezinkomishi zokuphuza kufanele kube nelebula “elisobala, elifundeka ngokucacile nelingenakucimeka” ephaketheni noma emkhiqizo ngokwawo.Ilebula kufanele yazise abathengi ngezinketho ezifanele zokulawulwa kwemfucuza zomkhiqizo noma izindlela zokulahla imfucuza okufanele zigwenywe, kanye nokuba khona kwamapulasitiki emkhiqizweni kanye nomthelela omubi wokulahlwa kukadoti.(I-Art. 7, isigaba. 1 ngokuhambisana nesijobelelo, ingxenye D.)
Isibopho Esandisiwe Somkhiqizi
Abakhiqizi kumele bakhokhe izindleko zezinyathelo zokuqwashisa, ukuqoqwa kukadoti, ukukhuculula udoti, nokuqoqwa kwedatha nokubika mayelana nemikhiqizo elandelayo:
❋ iziqukathi zokudla
❋ amaphakethe nezisonga ezenziwe ngezinto eziguquguqukayo
❋ iziqukathi zeziphuzo ezinomthamo ongafika kumalitha ama-3
❋ izinkomishi zeziphuzo, okuhlanganisa namakhava nezivalo zazo
❋ izikhwama zempahla zepulasitiki ezingasindi
❋ imikhiqizo kagwayi enezihlungi
❋ ukusula okumanzi
❋ amabhaluni (I-Art. 8, isigaba. 2, 3 ngokuhambisana nesijobelelo, ingxenye E.)
Nokho, azikho izindleko zokuqoqwa kwemfucuza okufanele zikhavwe mayelana nezinto zokusula namabhaluni ezimanzi.
Ukukhulisa Ukuqwashisa
Umyalelo udinga ukuthi amazwe angamalungu e-EU akhuthaze ukuziphatha kwabathengi abanomthwalo wemfanelo futhi azise abathengi ngezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, kanye nomthelela wokulahlwa kukadoti nokunye ukulahlwa kwemfucuza okungafanele endaweni ezungezile kanye nenethiwekhi yendle.(Isiqephu 10.)
I-URL yomthombo:https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2021-07-18/european-union-ban-on-single-use-plastics-takes-effect/
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-21-2021