Ngomhlaka-2 kuJulayi 2021, i-Directive on Single-Use Plastics yaqala ukusebenza e-European Union (EU). Lo myalelo uvimbela amapulasitiki athile asetshenziswa kanye kuphela lapho kukhona ezinye izindlela ezitholakalayo. "Umkhiqizo wepulasitiki osetshenziswa kanye" uchazwa njengomkhiqizo owenziwe ngokuphelele noma ingxenye yepulasitiki futhi ongaklanywanga, ongaklanywanga, noma obekwe emakethe ukuze usetshenziswe izikhathi eziningi ngenhloso efanayo. I-European Commission ishicilele iziqondiso, kufaka phakathi izibonelo, zalokho okufanele kubhekwe njengomkhiqizo wepulasitiki osetshenziswa kanye kuphela. (Ubuciko be-Directive. 12.)
Kwezinye izinto zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye, amazwe angamalungu e-EU kumele anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngezinyathelo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kuzwelonke, umgomo ohlukile wokuvuselela kabusha amabhodlela epulasitiki, izidingo zokuklama amabhodlela epulasitiki, kanye namalebula ayimpoqo emikhiqizo yepulasitiki ukuze kwaziwe abathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo myalelo welula umthwalo wemfanelo womkhiqizi, okusho ukuthi abakhiqizi kuzodingeka bakhokhele izindleko zokuhlanza ukuphathwa kwemfucuza, ukuqoqwa kwedatha, kanye nokuphakamisa ulwazi ngemikhiqizo ethile. Amazwe angamalungu e-EU kumele asebenzise lezi zinyathelo ngaphambi kukaJulayi 3, 2021, ngaphandle kwezidingo zokuklama umkhiqizo wamabhodlela, ezizosebenza kusukela ngoJulayi 3, 2024. (Ubuciko 17.)
Lo myalelo usebenzisa isu le-EU lokuthuthukisa ipulasitiki futhi uhlose “ukukhuthaza ukuguqukela [kwe-EU] emnothweni ojikelezayo.” (Ubuciko 1.)
Okuqukethwe yi-Directive on One-Use Plastics
Ukuvinjelwa Kwemakethe
Lo myalelo uvimbela ukwenza amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kuphela atholakale emakethe ye-EU:
❋ izinti ze-cotton bud
❋ izinto zokusika (amafoloko, imimese, izipuni, izinti zokusika)
❋ amapuleti
❋ izinti
❋ izixubho zeziphuzo
❋ izinduku okufanele zinamathiselwe futhi zisekele amabhaluni
❋ Izitsha zokudla ezenziwe nge-polystyrene enwetshiwe
Izitsha zeziphuzo ezenziwe nge-polystyrene enwetshiwe, okuhlanganisa nezivalo zazo
❋ izinkomishi zeziphuzo ezenziwe nge-polystyrene enwetshiwe, okuhlanganisa izembozo zazo kanye nezivalo
❋ imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngepulasitiki ebolayo nge-oxo. (Ubuciko 5 buhambisana ne-annex, ingxenye B.)
Izindlela Zikazwelonke Zokunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa
Amazwe angamalungu e-EU kumele athathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki athile asetshenziswa kanye kuphela angenakho okunye. Amazwe angamalungu kudingeka ukuthi athumele incazelo yezinyathelo kuKhomishini yaseYurophu futhi azenze zitholakale emphakathini. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zingafaka phakathi ukusungula imigomo yokunciphisa kazwelonke, ukuhlinzeka ngezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa kabusha endaweni yokuthengisa kubathengi, noma ukukhokhisa imali yemikhiqizo yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye kuphela. Amazwe angamalungu e-EU kumele afinyelele “ukunciphisa okunesifiso nokuqhubekayo” ekusetshenzisweni kwala mapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kuphela “okuholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa okwandayo” ngo-2026. Inqubekela phambili yokusetshenziswa nokunciphisa kumele iqashwe futhi ibikwe kuKhomishini yaseYurophu. (Ubuciko 4.)
Izinhloso Zokuqoqa Ezihlukile kanye Nezidingo Zokuklama Zamabhodlela Epulasitiki
Ngo-2025, amabhodlela epulasitiki angu-77% abekwe emakethe kumele aphinde asetshenziswe. Ngo-2029, inani elilingana no-90% kumele liphinde lisetshenziswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zokuklama amabhodlela epulasitiki zizosetshenziswa: ngo-2025, amabhodlela e-PET kumele abe okungenani no-25% wepulasitiki ephinde yasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwawo. Leli nani lenyuka laya ku-30% ngo-2030 kuwo wonke amabhodlela. (Ubuciko 6, isigaba 5; ubuciko 9.)
Ukulebula
Amathawula okuhlanzeka (ama-pad), ama-tampon kanye nezinto zokufaka ama-tampon, ama-wet wipe, imikhiqizo kagwayi enezihlungi, kanye nezinkomishi zokuphuza kumele zibe nelebula "elibonakalayo, elifundeka kalula futhi elingasuki" ephaketheni noma kumkhiqizo ngokwawo. Ilebula kumele lazise abathengi ngezinketho ezifanele zokuphatha imfucuza zomkhiqizo noma izindlela zokulahla imfucuza okufanele zigwenywe, kanye nokuba khona kwepulasitiki kumkhiqizo kanye nomthelela omubi wokulahlwa kwemfucuza. (Ubuciko 7, isigaba 1 kanye nesijobelelo, ingxenye D.)
Umthwalo Wemfanelo Womkhiqizi Owengeziwe
Abakhiqizi kumele bakhokhele izindleko zezinyathelo zokwazisa, ukuqoqwa kwemfucuza, ukuhlanza udoti, kanye nokuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nokubika maqondana nemikhiqizo elandelayo:
❋ izitsha zokudla
❋ amaphakethe kanye nezimbozo ezenziwe ngezinto eziguquguqukayo
❋ izitsha zeziphuzo ezinomthamo ofinyelela kumalitha ama-3
❋ izinkomishi zeziphuzo, okuhlanganisa izembozo zazo kanye nezivalo
❋ izikhwama zepulasitiki ezilula zokuthwala
❋ imikhiqizo kagwayi enezihlungi
❋ ama-wipes amanzi
❋ amabhaluni (Ubuciko 8, izigaba 2, 3 kanye nesijobelelo, ingxenye E.)
Kodwa-ke, akukho zindleko zokuqoqa imfucuza okumele zimbozwe maqondana nama-wet wipes nama-balloon.
Ukukhulisa Ukuqwashisa
Lo myalelo udinga ukuthi amazwe angamalungu e-EU akhuthaze ukuziphatha kwabathengi okunesibopho futhi azise abathengi ngezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, kanye nemiphumela yokulahla udoti kanye nokunye ukulahlwa kukadoti okungafanele emvelweni kanye nenethiwekhi yendle. (Isigaba 10.)
I-URL yomthombo:https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2021-07-18/european-union-ban-on-single-use-plastics-takes-effect/
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-21-2021
